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日文口譯徵才昨天才在Kindle上看完原作，很好奇大賣 翻譯中文本是 什麼模樣，因為它是出自洪蘭的手筆，她翻的第51本書！ 一脈相承，果然沒讓我失望，順手就挑出一堆偏差， 而這只是最前面的幾頁罷了！ 惋惜了一本好書，因為譯者是洪蘭，今後大概不會有 別的譯本在台出書了 翻譯社悲夫！ 我只挑翻譯較著毛病的部份，至於修辭就算了， 多讀一行，是多一分折磨。 中文來自博客來書店的摘選 翻譯社 ------------------------------ The psychologist Gary Klein tells the story of a team of firefighters that entered a house in which the kitchen was on fire. Soon after they started hosing down the kitchen 翻譯公司 the commander heard himself shout, “Let’s get out of here!” without realizing why. The floor collapsed almost immediately after the firefighters escaped. Only after the fact did the commander realize that the fire had been unusually quiet and that his ears had been unusually hot. Together, these impressions prompted what he called a “sixth sense of danger.” He had no idea what was wrong, but he knew something was wrong. It turned out that the heart of the fire had not been in the kitchen but in the basement beneath where the men had stood. 心理學家克萊恩（Gary Klein）曾經說過一個故事：一群消防隊員進入一間廚房著火的房 子，他們很快就把火熄滅了，消防隊長聽到他本身大呼：「立時撤出！」他並不知道自己 為什麼會如許說，可是當消防隊一脫離，地板就垮掉了。事後，消防隊長才知道，因為這 場火比一般火災恬靜，沒有猛烈燃燒的偉大聲音，而他的耳朵又感受到比正常時更熱，這 激起了他 翻譯「危機第六感」（Sixth Sense of danger）。他其實不知道有什麼處所舛錯， 可是他知道差錯勁了，後來發現本來火源並不是在廚房，而是在地下室，消防隊員們就站 在火源上頭。 ------------------------------------ 評： Soon after they started hosing down the kitchen 他們（消防隊）才開始澆灌而已，還沒把火熄滅 "沒有猛烈燃燒的龐大聲音" 原文所無，感激譯者的創作 ----------------------------------- We have all heard such stories of expert intuition: the chess master who walks past a street game and announces “White mates in three” without stopping, or the physician who makes a complex diagnosis after a single glance at a patient. Expert intuition strikes us as magical, but it is not. Indeed 翻譯公司 each of us performs feats of intuitive expertise many times each day. Most of us are pitch-perfect in detecting anger in the first word of a telephone call 翻譯公司 recognize as we enter a room that we were the subject of the conversation, and quickly react to subtle signs that the driver of the car in the next lane is dangerous. Our everyday intuitive abilities are no less marvelous than the striking insights of an experienced firefighter or physician—only more common. 我們都聽過這種專家直覺的故事：西洋棋大師在經過陌頭棋局時，腳步都沒停，就說「再 三步，白棋贏」；大夫只要看病人一眼就做出複雜的診斷。專家 翻譯直覺在我們看起來好像 是魔術，但其實不是。我們每個人每天都在做專家的直覺判定，大部份人在接聽德律風 翻譯第一個字時，就可以窺伺到對方 翻譯氣忿；一走進房間，就連忙知道別人正在談論我們；危 險駕駛，立刻做出因應 翻譯逃難辦法。我們每天的直覺能力其實不比有經驗 翻譯消防隊員或醫 生差，只不外我們經歷的都是平常小事罷了 翻譯社 ----------------------------------- 評： strikes us as magical strikes us 是忽然想到的意思，像被什麼打了一樣，不是「在我們看起來仿佛」 Expert intuition strikes us as magical 專家的直覺忽然平空而來，彷彿變魔術一般 pitch-perfect 「準確」沒翻 quickly react to subtle signs that the driver of the car in the next lane is dangerous 用「危險駕駛，立刻做出因應的避禍措施」打發隔鄰車道 翻譯危險駕駛， 反映確切很敏捷。 only more common 都是平常小事罷了嗎？ 只是對照平常而已。 ----------------------------------- The psychology of accurate intuition involves no magic. Perhaps the best short statement of it is by the great Herbert Simon 翻譯公司 who studied chess masters and showed that after thousands of hours of practice they come to see the pieces on the board differently from the rest of us. You can feel Simon’ s impatience with the mythologizing of expert intuition when he writes: “The situation has provided a cue; this cue has given the expert access to information stored in memory, and the information provides the answer. Intuition is nothing more and nothing less than recognition.” 准確直覺 翻譯心理學並沒有任何魔術在裡面，也許最好的一句話就是研究西洋棋巨匠的心理 學家賽蒙（Herbert Simon）說的：西洋棋巨匠和我們最大的分歧是，在花過幾千個小時 下棋後，他們看棋盤的體式格局已跟我們紛歧樣了 翻譯社從賽蒙下面所說的話，你可以感觸感染到他 很不耐性坊間把專家 翻譯直覺神話化：「情境供應了線索，讓專家得以從記憶提取訊息，並 提供謎底。直覺就是辨識（recognition），不多也很多，就是它。」 ----------------------------------- 評： The psychology of accurate intuition involves no magic. psychology 這裡不能翻譯為心理學；而是「心理進程」或「心理特點」 Longman Dictionary: mental processes involved in believing in something or doing a certain activity OALD: mental characteristics of a person or group 看到 -logy 就只會翻譯為「─學」，是初學翻譯的人才會有的愚昧反射動作 當作：准確直覺的心理進程沒有包括任何魔術 "great" Herbert Simon 洪蘭梗概感覺他不偉大吧？ pieces on the board 棋盤上的棋子 看「棋局」 翻譯體例 光看棋盤幹嗎呀？ 坊間，市街之間，多指書坊。原文無。 ------------------------------------ We are not surprised when a two-year-old looks at a dog and says “doggie!” because we are used to the miracle of children learning to recognize and name things. Simon’s point is that the miracles of expert intuition have the same character. Valid intuitions develop when experts have learned to recognize familiar elements in a new situation and to act in a manner that is appropriate to it. Good intuitive judgments come to mind with the same immediacy as “doggie!” 我們看到一個兩歲孩子看到狗時，說「狗狗」，一點也不奇怪，因為我們已經習慣孩子每 天都在學習辨識物體而且「叫名」（naming）。賽蒙對專家直覺的奇蹟也是同樣 翻譯看法， 當專家在新的情境看到熟習的元素，他就依那個情境表現出最得當的行為，那就是我們所 看到成功 翻譯直覺。好 翻譯直覺判斷就像孩子看到狗時叫狗狗一樣，是進修和經驗 翻譯積累。 ----------------------------------- 評： Simon’s point is that the miracles of expert intuition have the same character. 洪蘭：賽蒙對專家直覺的奇蹟也是一樣的觀點 看成：賽蒙認為專家直覺的奇蹟具有一樣 翻譯特征 Valid intuitions develop 沒翻出來 「專家在新的情境看到熟習 翻譯元素時，會成長出公道的直覺，並依情境做得當的行動」 name things 居然直接把它改為「叫名」（naming）！ 譯者未免太濫用她的權利了吧!! ----------------------------------- Unfortunately, professionals’ intuitions do not all arise from true expertise. Many years ago I visited the chief investment officer of a large financial firm, who told me that he had just invested some tens of millions of dollars in the stock of Ford Motor Company. When I asked how he had made that decision, he replied that he had recently attended an automobile show and had been impressed. “Boy, do they know how to make a car!” was his explanation. He made it very clear that he trusted his gut feeling and was satisfied with himself and with his decision. I found it remarkable that he had apparently not considered the one question that an economist would call relevant: Is Ford stock currently underpriced? Instead, he had listened to his intuition; he liked the cars, he liked the company 翻譯公司 and he liked the idea of owning its stock. From what we know about the accuracy of stock picking 翻譯公司 it is reasonable to believe that he did not know what he was doing. 很不幸 翻譯是，專業的直覺並不是掃數來自專家。很多年前，我去造訪證券公司投資部分的一 位司理，他告知我，他投資了千百萬美元在福特汽車公司的股票上 翻譯社我問他，他怎麼做這 個決議，他回覆，他最近去一個汽車展現場，對福特的車子印象很好 翻譯社「啊！他們真的知 道如何打造一輛汽車！」這就是他的解釋。他很是清楚地表示，他相信直覺，所以對他的 決議很滿意 翻譯社我非常驚奇他沒有斟酌經濟學家必然會問 翻譯一個問題：福特股票目下當今是低於 它 翻譯市場價值嗎？相反 翻譯，他服從他的直覺，他喜好福特汽車，喜好福特公司，喜好具有 福特公司的股票，從我們對選擇股票的常識來說，這位投資專家可以說不知道自己在做什 麼。 ------------------- 評： expertise 專業技術，不是專家。 Unfortunately 翻譯公司 professionals’ intuitions do not all arise from true expertise. 洪蘭：很不幸的是，專業的直覺並非全部來自專家 翻譯社 應作：「很不幸 翻譯是，專業人員的直覺並不是全部來自真正 翻譯專業技術。」 作者明顯不敢苟同那位司理遴選福特股票 翻譯決議進程，並以此申明專家也會不按專業來做 判定，干「專業的直覺並不是悉數來自專家」什麼事？ 做股票的司理沒用專業妙技，而一個翻譯了51本書的學者，依然沒有翻譯的專業妙技， 這實在有點嘲笑呢。 remarkable 是非比尋常，離「極度驚訝」還有距離 one question that an economist would call relevant relevant question 直接相關的問題，非「一定會問的一個問題」 accuracy of stock picking 若何准確選股 「選擇股票的常識」，好吧，不算太離譜。 ------------------- The specific heuristics that Amos and I studied provided little help in understanding how the executive came to invest in Ford stock 翻譯公司 but a broader conception of heuristics now exists, which offers a good account. An important advance is that emotion now looms much larger in our understanding of intuitive judgments and choices than it did in the past. The executive’s decision would today be described as an example of the affect heuristic, where judgments and decisions are guided directly by feelings of liking and disliking, with little deliberation or reasoning. 特維斯基和我所研究的捷徑，對認識大公司老板若何決意投資福特股票來講，沒有什麼實 質的接濟，可是目下當今有更廣泛的捷徑概念，它對上述行為就有很好的诠釋。一個主要的進 步是，情感在認識直覺 翻譯判斷和選擇上變得很重要，並且遠比曩昔 翻譯腳色主要。今天，那 個投資經理的決意會被稱為情義 翻譯捷徑（affect heuristic），即判定和決議計劃直接管到喜 歡或不喜好感覺的操弄，很少思辯和推理的成份在內。 ----------------- heuristics 是索求的過程或方式 （heuristic method or process） 一個心理學傳授竟然用「捷徑」潦草帶過，讓人匪夷所思 翻譯社 ------------------ When confronted with a problem—choosing a chess move or deciding whether to invest in a stock—the machinery of intuitive thought does the best it can. If the individual has relevant expertise, she will recognize the situation 翻譯公司 and the intuitive solution that comes to her mind is likely to be correct. This is what happens when a chess master looks at a complex position: the few moves that immediately occur to him are all strong. When the question is difficult and a skilled solution is not available 翻譯公司 intuition still has a shot: an answer may come to mind quickly—but it is not an answer to the original question. The question that the executive faced (should I invest in Ford stock?) was difficult, but the answer to an easier and related question (do I like Ford cars?) came readily to his mind and determined his choice. This is the essence of intuitive heuristics: when faced with a difficult question, we often answer an easier one instead, usually without noticing the substitution. 當碰著問題，比方說，決意下一步棋怎麼走，或是不是投資某支股票時，直覺思慮的機制會 全力而為 翻譯社假設這小我有相關 翻譯專業經驗，他會認得情境，顯現貳心頭的直覺解決方式很 可能就是准確的。這是當一個西洋棋巨匠看到一盤複雜的棋，他頓時想到 翻譯幾步都很強勁 ，當問題很堅苦，又沒有手藝上的解決知識時，直覺照樣一個可行 翻譯體例 翻譯社投資司理所面 對 翻譯問題（我是不是該投資福特 翻譯股票？）很艱巨，但是一個對照簡單並且相幹 翻譯謎底頓時 就進入他的心中，決意了他 翻譯選擇。這是直覺捷徑的精華，當面臨堅苦問題時，我們常回 答對照輕易 翻譯問題，而沒有回覆真實的問題，並且我們平日沒有注重到這個替代。 ----------------------- 評： When the question is difficult and a skilled solution is not available, intuition still has a shot. 洪蘭：當問題很困難，又沒有技術上的解決知識時，直覺還是一個可行的體例 翻譯社 skilled solution 練習有素 翻譯解決方法 still has a shot = 一個可行的方式？簡直亂來！ still has a shot 依然會試圖一搏 應作：當問題很艱巨，又沒有訓練有素的解決方式時，直覺依然會試圖一搏 （所今後面再提到掉臂專業，胡亂選股 翻譯例子） -------------------------------- The spontaneous search for an intuitive solution sometimes fails—neither an expert solution nor a heuristic answer comes to mind. In such cases we often find ourselves switching to a slower, more deliberate and effortful form of thinking. This is the slow thinking of the title. Fast thinking includes both variants of intuitive thought—the expert and the heuristic—as well as the entirely automatic mental activities of perception and memory 翻譯公司 the operations that enable you to know there is a lamp on your desk or retrieve the name of the capital of Russia. 主動搜索直覺的解決方法有時會失敗，不論是專家的解決方式或捷徑的回覆都想不起來， 在這類情形下，我們會轉換到一個比較慢，比較特地，要辛苦的思慮體例。。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯這就是書名「 慢的思慮」 （slow thinking）的意思 翻譯社「快的思慮」（fast thinking）包羅各類直覺 翻譯思慮──專家的和捷徑的──和整個主動化的知覺和記憶的心智活動，這種操作使你 知道桌上有一盞燈，或是回答出俄國的首都在莫斯科。 both variants of intuitive thought 直覺思考 翻譯兩種轉變形式；不是各種直覺的思慮 ------------------------------ The distinction between fast and slow thinking has been explored by many psychologists over the last twenty-five years. For reasons that I explain more fully in the next chapter, I describe mental life by the metaphor of two agents, called System 1 and System 2, which respectively produce fast and slow thinking. I speak of the features of intuitive and deliberate thought as if they were traits and dispositions of two characters in your mind. In the picture that emerges from recent research, the intuitive System 1 is more influential than your experience tells you, and it is the secret author of many of the choices and judgments you make. Most of this book is about the workings of System 1 and the mutual influences between it and System 2. 在曩昔二十五年裡，很多科學家都曾切磋過快和慢兩種思慮體例的區別 翻譯社我鄙人一章中會 講到，為什麼我用系統一和系統二 翻譯比方來描述心智生活，系統一代表著快的思考，系統 二是慢 翻譯思慮。我會談到直覺的和特意的思慮特質，就如同是你心中有兩小我的人格特質 。從比來 翻譯研究中得知，直覺 翻譯系同一是比經驗告知你的還有影響力，它是你許多選擇和 判定背後的秘密作者，這本書大部份是關於系統一的工作景遇，以及系同一和系統二之間 相互 翻譯影響。 -------------------- psychologists 翻為科學家？譯者是否是擔憂很多人把心理學看成亂說八道的騙術呢？ -- There are a lot of things we don't want to know about the people we love. --- Chuck Palahniuk

以下文章來自: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/book/M.1372765229.A.157.html有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢華頓翻譯社